What if cancer is found?

This depends on the type of cancer that is found. One possible diagnosis is ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This is a type of ca...
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I have now seen several different specialists for tests and consultations. Who can I talk to about what is happening overall?

Usually your family doctor will coordinate the investigations and give you
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What are the next steps? 2

The next steps depend on the likelihood that cancer is present, as judged by the mammograms you have had so far. If the abno...
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Why do I need another mammogram?

You will need “diagnostic” mammography, which is more thorough than the routine “screening” mammography you already had. Dia...
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What if a lump is found during the physical examination?

If a lump can be felt in the breast, go to guideline 1 for a description of the tests used to diagnose it, since breast ...
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What will the physical examination include?

The doctor will thoroughly examine the breasts and the areas under the armpit and above the collarbone for signs of cancer o...
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What tests will I need to have?

Your doctor will take a clinical history, carry out a physical examination and order more thorough x-rays of the breast (a “...
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I had an “abnormal” result on a routine mammogram. Does this mean I have cancer?

Most abnormalities that show up on routine mammograms are not cancer. However, more tests will be needed to make a firm...
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What if my lump turns out to be cancer?

In this case, you will have more decisions to make. Together, you and your doctors will decide which kind of surgery is best...
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Are any more follow-up tests needed if my lump is found to have no cancer?

It depends on the type of lump you have. For some lumps in which the diagnostic test results were difficult to interpret, yo...
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Will all these tests be done by my doctor?

Reliable results depend on the skill and experience of the people who do the tests and interpret the findings. Not all doctors...
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I have a breast implant. Should I not have some of the tests?

You can and should have the same tests (and treatments, if necessary) as  everyone else. However, special techniques ma...
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What about other diagnostic techniques such as thermography, light scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Thermography, which detects the tumour’s heat, and light scanning, which shows the tumour by shining a light through the bre...
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What if the lump is solid and contains no fluid?

If fine-needle aspiration doesn’t draw out any fluid, the lump may still be a harmless, solid fibrous growth. The needle can...
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I have gone through all these steps, but my doctor still cannot rule out cancer. What is the next step?

More tests may be necessary. Your doctor may suspect that the lump is actually a harmless cyst (a sac filled with fluid). Th...
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What is a diagnostic mammogram? Do I need to have one?

A diagnostic mammogram is an x-ray of the breast and is recommended when there is reason to suspect cancer. Because younger ...
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What will my doctor look for during the physical examination?

During the examination, the doctor is looking for signs that the lump is either “benign” (non-cancerous) or “malignant” (can...
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What sort of questions will my doctor ask me?

You will be asked how long it has been since you first noticed a lump, whether it has changed at all (for example, whether i...
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A lump can be felt in my breast. What should happen next?

First, be aware that finding a lump is common and that most lumps are not due to cancer. However, any new lump must be inv...
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